{"id":868,"date":"2021-05-04T14:22:20","date_gmt":"2021-05-04T13:22:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.metalp-research.it\/?p=868"},"modified":"2021-05-04T14:43:49","modified_gmt":"2021-05-04T13:43:49","slug":"modelli-meteorologici-su-terreno-montuoso-il-ghiacciaio-dei-forni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.metalp-research.it\/en_gb\/2021\/05\/04\/modelli-meteorologici-su-terreno-montuoso-il-ghiacciaio-dei-forni\/","title":{"rendered":"Modelli meteorologici su terreno montuoso: il ghiacciaio dei Forni"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"868\" class=\"elementor elementor-868\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b07abb9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b07abb9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-881d7ab\" data-id=\"881d7ab\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e9e431 elementor-drop-cap-yes elementor-drop-cap-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6e9e431\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;drop_cap&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>I modelli meteorologici alla mesoscala, quelli che vengono abitualmente utilizzati per produrre le previsioni meteorologiche locali e regionali, hanno un passo griglia che solitamente \u00e8 tra 1 e 5 chilometri di lato.<\/p><p>Quando si \u00e8 su un&#8217;area caratterizzata da orografia complessa, come le nostre Alpi, 1 km di passo griglia non \u00e8 in grado di risolvere, e alle volte proprio di considerare i dettagli dell&#8217;orografia stessa. Bisogna ricordare che da un punto di vista modellistico la risoluzione effettiva \u00e8 tra 3 e 6 volte superiore al passo griglia. Allora \u00e8 quindi necessario scendere sotto al chilometro, in modo da rappresentare con maggiore fedelt\u00e0 le forme del rilievo, e quindi poter descrivere al meglio anche la fisica dell&#8217;atmosfera e la sua interazione con il territorio.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-91390be elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"91390be\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-caf0d0b\" data-id=\"caf0d0b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c53409 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3c53409\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/HTS2583-scaled.jpg?ssl=1\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"HTS2583\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NzM0LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvd3d3Lm1ldGFscC1yZXNlYXJjaC5pdFwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyMFwvMTFcL0hUUzI1ODMtc2NhbGVkLmpwZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/HTS2583-scaled.jpg?fit=750%2C500&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-734\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/HTS2583-scaled.jpg?w=2560&amp;ssl=1 2560w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/HTS2583-scaled.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/HTS2583-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/HTS2583-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C512&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/HTS2583-scaled.jpg?resize=1536%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/HTS2583-scaled.jpg?resize=2048%2C1365&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/HTS2583-scaled.jpg?resize=16%2C12&amp;ssl=1 16w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/HTS2583-scaled.jpg?resize=360%2C240&amp;ssl=1 360w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/HTS2583-scaled.jpg?w=2250&amp;ssl=1 2250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" data-attachment-id=\"734\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.metalp-research.it\/en_gb\/2020\/10\/10\/smontaggio-stazione-aurona-autunno-2020\/hts2583\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/HTS2583-scaled.jpg?fit=2560%2C1707&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2560,1707\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1602330614&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"HTS2583\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/HTS2583-scaled.jpg?fit=750%2C500&amp;ssl=1\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Nevicate autunnali sopra l'Alpe Veglia, la descrizione fedele dell'orografia \u00e8 necessaria per prevedere questi eventi con precisione<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87fb3b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"87fb3b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Veglia_inverno2021-076-scaled.jpg?ssl=1\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Veglia_inverno2021-076\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODYxLCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvd3d3Lm1ldGFscC1yZXNlYXJjaC5pdFwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyMVwvMDNcL1ZlZ2xpYV9pbnZlcm5vMjAyMS0wNzYtc2NhbGVkLmpwZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Veglia_inverno2021-076-scaled.jpg?fit=750%2C500&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-861\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Veglia_inverno2021-076-scaled.jpg?w=2560&amp;ssl=1 2560w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Veglia_inverno2021-076-scaled.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Veglia_inverno2021-076-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Veglia_inverno2021-076-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C512&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Veglia_inverno2021-076-scaled.jpg?resize=1536%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Veglia_inverno2021-076-scaled.jpg?resize=2048%2C1365&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Veglia_inverno2021-076-scaled.jpg?resize=16%2C12&amp;ssl=1 16w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Veglia_inverno2021-076-scaled.jpg?resize=360%2C240&amp;ssl=1 360w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Veglia_inverno2021-076-scaled.jpg?w=2250&amp;ssl=1 2250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" data-attachment-id=\"861\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.metalp-research.it\/en_gb\/2021\/03\/08\/lalpe-veglia-invernale\/veglia_inverno2021-076\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Veglia_inverno2021-076-scaled.jpg?fit=2560%2C1707&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2560,1707\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1614940745&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Veglia_inverno2021-076\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Veglia_inverno2021-076-scaled.jpg?fit=750%2C500&amp;ssl=1\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Formazione di cumuli pomeridiani alle pendici del Pizzo del Dosso e Pizzo Diei.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4d1e23b\" data-id=\"4d1e23b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a6babd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6a6babd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Per descrivere l&#8217;area di interesse con un dettaglio maggiore e quindi andare ad un passo griglia inferiore al chilometro sono necessari alcuni ingredienti:<\/p><ul><li><em>una descrizione accurata dell&#8217;orografi<\/em>a, questa \u00e8 data dal modello digitale di elevazione del terreno (DEM) che dovr\u00e0 avere una risoluzione di almeno 100 m;<\/li><li><em>una descrizione accurata dell&#8217;uso del suolo (land use)<\/em> che viene affidata ai dati land-cover, i quali classificano in vario modo vegetazione, pascoli, aree urbane, rocce nude e via dicendo. Anch&#8217;essa deve avere una risoluzione di almeno 100 m.<\/li><li><em>una scelta accurata delle parametrizzazioni<\/em> che descrivono la microfisica e la fisica delle interazioni tra atmosfera e suolo, nonch\u00e9 di turbolenza.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d5aa737 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d5aa737\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ca4ae5c\" data-id=\"ca4ae5c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a75c738 elementor-drop-cap-yes elementor-drop-cap-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a75c738\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;drop_cap&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In questo studio l&#8217;area di interesse \u00e8 quella del Ghiacciaio dei Forni (Alta Valtellina, SO), posto nelle Alpi Retiche, dove dal 28 agosto al 11 settembre 2017 \u00e8 stata installata una stazione micrometeorologica nell&#8217;area proglaciale. Queste due settimane di dati di turbolenza sono state simulate utilizzando il modello WRF con diverse impostazioni, concentrandosi per\u00f2 su <strong>risoluzione, topografia <\/strong>e <strong>land-cover.<\/strong> In totale sono state portate a termine 7 diverse simulazioni, quattro con 1 km e tre con 500 m di passo griglia.<\/p><p>La novit\u00e0 di questo studio \u00e8 stata l&#8217;introduzione del <a href=\"https:\/\/land.copernicus.eu\/pan-european\/corine-land-cover\">land-cover CORINE<\/a> utilizzando tutte le categorie di uso del suolo presenti in questo dataset (44). In alcuni studi precedenti esse venivano riclassificate sulla tabella di descrizione del land-use di USGS gi\u00e0 presente in WRF.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f54a8ce elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f54a8ce\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-84e5691\" data-id=\"84e5691\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e755fba elementor-drop-cap-yes elementor-drop-cap-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e755fba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;drop_cap&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>I risultati hanno mostrato che delle tre modifiche testate la pi\u00f9 consistente sui risultati \u00e8 quella del land-use, mentre risoluzione e topografia hanno apportato solo marginali o teorici miglioramenti.<\/p><p>Per portare avanti questo studio \u00e8 stato fondamentale avere misure di alta qualit\u00e0 e in un ambiente molto particolare come quello dell&#8217;area proglaciale del Ghiacciaio dei Forni, dove la stazione MiTo <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fc66c02\" data-id=\"fc66c02\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05fc21e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"05fc21e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Daily_Fluxes_allmodels_bestLU_ERA5.png?ssl=1\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Daily_Fluxes_allmodels_bestLU_ERA5\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6ODg2LCJ1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvd3d3Lm1ldGFscC1yZXNlYXJjaC5pdFwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyMVwvMDVcL0RhaWx5X0ZsdXhlc19hbGxtb2RlbHNfYmVzdExVX0VSQTUucG5nIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"530\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Daily_Fluxes_allmodels_bestLU_ERA5.png?fit=750%2C530&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-886\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Daily_Fluxes_allmodels_bestLU_ERA5.png?w=2832&amp;ssl=1 2832w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Daily_Fluxes_allmodels_bestLU_ERA5.png?resize=300%2C212&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Daily_Fluxes_allmodels_bestLU_ERA5.png?resize=1024%2C724&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Daily_Fluxes_allmodels_bestLU_ERA5.png?resize=768%2C543&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Daily_Fluxes_allmodels_bestLU_ERA5.png?resize=1536%2C1085&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Daily_Fluxes_allmodels_bestLU_ERA5.png?resize=2048%2C1447&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Daily_Fluxes_allmodels_bestLU_ERA5.png?resize=16%2C12&amp;ssl=1 16w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Daily_Fluxes_allmodels_bestLU_ERA5.png?w=2250&amp;ssl=1 2250w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" data-attachment-id=\"886\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.metalp-research.it\/en_gb\/2021\/05\/04\/modelli-meteorologici-su-terreno-montuoso-il-ghiacciaio-dei-forni\/daily_fluxes_allmodels_bestlu_era5\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Daily_Fluxes_allmodels_bestLU_ERA5.png?fit=2832%2C2001&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"2832,2001\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Daily_Fluxes_allmodels_bestLU_ERA5\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Daily_Fluxes_allmodels_bestLU_ERA5.png?fit=750%2C530&amp;ssl=1\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">I flussi di calore simulati dalle varie configurazioni del modello e quelli osservati nella stazione proglaciale.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4207ac2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4207ac2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fa34ca8\" data-id=\"fa34ca8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-156b60b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"156b60b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/P1060551-scaled.jpg?fit=683%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-887\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/P1060551-scaled.jpg?w=1707&amp;ssl=1 1707w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/P1060551-scaled.jpg?resize=200%2C300&amp;ssl=1 200w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/P1060551-scaled.jpg?resize=683%2C1024&amp;ssl=1 683w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/P1060551-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C1152&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/P1060551-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C1536&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/P1060551-scaled.jpg?resize=1365%2C2048&amp;ssl=1 1365w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/P1060551-scaled.jpg?resize=8%2C12&amp;ssl=1 8w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/P1060551-scaled.jpg?w=1500&amp;ssl=1 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" data-attachment-id=\"887\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.metalp-research.it\/en_gb\/2021\/05\/04\/modelli-meteorologici-su-terreno-montuoso-il-ghiacciaio-dei-forni\/p1060551\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/P1060551-scaled.jpg?fit=1707%2C2560&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1707,2560\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;8&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;DMC-FZ45&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1505121583&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;4.5&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;125&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.004&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"P1060551\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/P1060551-scaled.jpg?fit=683%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">La stazione micrometeorologica MiTo installata nella piana proglaciale del ghiacciiao dei Forni.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c5a1536\" data-id=\"c5a1536\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3881a71 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3881a71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>ha raccolto dati di turbolenza e dai quali \u00e8 stato possibile calcolare i flussi di calore mostrati qui sopra.<\/p><p>L&#8217;utilizzo di misure e il confronto modello-osservato \u00e8 di grande valore per il progresso della conoscenza dello strato limite montano, il semplice confronto tra pi\u00f9 realizzazioni dello stesso modello, o solo con parametri meteorologici tradizionali non pu\u00f2 dare lo stesso risultato, questo infatti \u00e8 uno degli obiettivi del <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metalp-research.it\/en_gb\/il-progetto\/\">progetto MetAlp<\/a> con la campagna di misura in corso all&#8217;Alpe Veglia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9497ca elementor-drop-cap-yes elementor-drop-cap-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f9497ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;drop_cap&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>I rusltati di questo studio sono presentati nell&#8217;articolo pubblicato su Boundary-Layer Meteorology disponibile al link sottostante e di cui riporto il riassunto qui sotto.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d2bc340 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d2bc340\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fbac025\" data-id=\"fbac025\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fa88d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1fa88d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The article<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3af6cab elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3af6cab\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ef581af\" data-id=\"ef581af\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb5ac93 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fb5ac93\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Land-Use Improvements in the Weather Research and Forecasting Model over Complex Mountainous Terrain and Comparison of Different Grid Sizes<\/strong><\/p><p>Autori: Alessio Golzio, Silvia Ferrarese, Claudio Cassardo, Guglielmina Adele Diolaiuti, Manuela Pelfini<\/p><h2>Abstract<\/h2><p>Weather forecasts over mountainous terrain are challenging due to the complex topography that is necessarily smoothed by actual local-area models. As complex mountainous territories represent 20% of the Earth\u2019s surface, accurate forecasts and the numerical resolution of the interaction between the surface and the atmospheric boundary layer are crucial. We present an assessment of the Weather Research and Forecasting model with two different grid spacings (1 km and 0.5 km), using two topography datasets (NASA Shuttle Radar Topography<br \/>Mission and Global Multi-resolution Terrain Elevation Data 2010, digital elevation models) and four land-cover-description datasets (Corine Land Cover, U.S. Geological Survey land-use, MODIS30 and MODIS15, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer land-use). We investigate the Ortles Cevadale region in the Rhaetian Alps (central Italian Alps),\u00a0 focusing on the upper Forni Glacier proglacial area, where a micrometeorological station operated from 28 August to 11 September 2017. The simulation outputs are compared with observations at this micrometeorological station and four other weather stations distributed around the Forni Glacier with respect to the latent heat, sensible heat and ground heat fluxes, mixing-layer height, soil moisture, 2-m air temperature, and 10-m wind speed. The different model runs make it possible to isolate the contributions of land use, topography, grid spacing, and boundary-layer parametrizations. Among the considered factors, land use proves to have the most significant impact on results.<\/p><p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9560e03 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9560e03\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-372859f\" data-id=\"372859f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-771bb7a elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"771bb7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007%2Fs10546-021-00617-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"far fa-file-pdf\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Go to the article<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I modelli meteorologici alla mesoscala, quelli che vengono abitualmente utilizzati per produrre le previsioni meteorologiche locali e regionali, hanno un passo griglia che solitamente \u00e8 tra 1 e 5 chilometri di lato. Quando si \u00e8 su un&#8217;area caratterizzata da orografia complessa, come le nostre Alpi, 1 km di passo griglia<a class=\"moretag\" href=\"https:\/\/www.metalp-research.it\/en_gb\/2021\/05\/04\/modelli-meteorologici-su-terreno-montuoso-il-ghiacciaio-dei-forni\/\"> Read more<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":870,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[5,16,7],"tags":[63,64,66,67,68],"class_list":["post-868","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-meteorologia","category-modelli","category-strato-limite","tag-boundary-layer","tag-complex-mountainous-terrain","tag-ghiacciaio","tag-land-cover","tag-topography"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.metalp-research.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/P1060559-scaled.jpg?fit=2560%2C1707&ssl=1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.metalp-research.it\/en_gb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/868","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.metalp-research.it\/en_gb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.metalp-research.it\/en_gb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.metalp-research.it\/en_gb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.metalp-research.it\/en_gb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=868"}],"version-history":[{"count":26,"href":"https:\/\/www.metalp-research.it\/en_gb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/868\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":903,"href":"https:\/\/www.metalp-research.it\/en_gb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/868\/revisions\/903"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.metalp-research.it\/en_gb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/870"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.metalp-research.it\/en_gb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=868"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.metalp-research.it\/en_gb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=868"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.metalp-research.it\/en_gb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=868"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}